The present invention is directed to a method of preventing or treating Alzheimer's Disease or of inhibiting accumulation of amyloid-.beta. deposits in a subject by administering to the subject an agent which inhibits interaction between amyloid-.beta. and proteins which chaperone amyloid-.beta. under conditions effective to prevent or treat Alzheimer's Disease in the subject or to inhibit accumulation of amyloid-.beta. deposits in the subject's brain, respectively. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of inhibiting interaction between apolipoprotein E and amyloid-.beta. by administering an agent which blocks interaction of apolipoprotein E and amyloid-.beta. under conditions effect to block such interaction.