An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image forming stations. In each image forming station an electrostatic latent image carrier and a charging member are arranged to face each other with a specified gap therebetween. A charging failure caused by an abnormal discharge in the gap is detected based on a current detection result by a current sensor, and an image forming station having an abnormality is reliably specified.

 
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> Method, apparatus, and system for clustering and classification

> Portable electronic apparatus
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