A decoder comprises a grouping module that groups an input signal into a
plurality of blocks and a plurality of permutation symbols, wherein the
plurality of blocks include N symbols and wherein each of said N symbols
has one of q symbol values, where q and N are integers greater than two.
A permutation module inverse permutes a first block of the plurality of
blocks based on one of the plurality of permutation symbols and generates
a decoded output signal based on the permutation.