Disclosed are novel oxylipins that are derived from .gamma.-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (STA or SDA; 18:4n-3), and methods of making and using such oxylipins. Also disclosed is the use of such oxylipins in therapeutic and nutritional or cosmetic applications, and particularly as anti-inflammatory or anti-neurodegenerative compounds. Also disclosed are The invention novel ways of producing long chain polyunsaturated acid (LCPUF A)-rich oils and compositions that contain enhanced and effective amounts of SDA- and/or GLA-derived oxylipins.