A thermoelectric generator may include first and second thermally conductive plates and a plurality of pairs of P-type and N-type thermoelectric elements. The first thermally conductive plate may be configured to generate heat responsive to solar radiation, and the first and second thermally conductive plates may be spaced apart. The P-type and N-type thermoelectric elements of each pair may be electrically coupled in series, and the P-type and N-type thermoelectric elements of each pair may be thermally coupled in parallel between the first and second thermally conductive plates.