Disclosed is a system and method for calculation a location in a real-time manner using a combination of odometry and artificial landmarks. The system for calculating a location comprising a landmark detection unit detecting an image coordinates value of the artificial landmark corresponding to a location in a two-dimensional image coordinate system with respect to a mobile robot from an image obtained by photographing a specific space where the artificial landmarks are provided; a landmark identification unit comparing a predicted image value of the artificial landmark, obtained by converting a location coordinates value of the artificial landmark into an image coordinates value corresponding to the location in the two-dimensional image coordinate system with respect to a location coordinates value corresponding to a location in an actual three-dimensional spatial coordinate system of the mobile robot, with an image coordinates value detected by the landmark detection unit to detect the location coordinates value of the artificial landmark; a first location calculation unit calculating a current location coordinates value of the mobile robot using a predetermined location calculation algorithm based on the image coordinates value detected by the landmark detection unit and the location coordinates value detected by the landmark identification unit; a second location calculation unit calculating a current location coordinates value of the mobile robot using a predetermined location calculation algorithm based on odometry information of the mobile robot; and a main control unit updating the current location coordinates value of the mobile robot, using the location coordinates value calculated by the first location calculation unit when the location coordinates value calculated by the first location calculation unit exists, or using the location coordinate value obtained from the second location calculation unit when the location coordinates value calculated by the first location calculation unit does not exist.