A method for demand planning includes determining a demand value representing a demand quantity of an end product that a manufacturer is to produce. Production of the demand quantity of the end product includes production of a quantity of an intermediate product using a raw material. The intermediate product is to be further processed to produce the end product. The method also includes determining an additional quantity value representing an additional quantity of the intermediate product that the manufacturer can produce in addition to the quantity of the intermediate product used to produce the end product. At least one of the demand value and the additional quantity value is based at least partially on an exchange balance associated with at least one of the raw material, the intermediate product, and the end product. The method further includes making the additional quantity value for the intermediate product available for use in generating additional demand for the intermediate product.