In deposited silicon, n-type dopants such as phosphorus and arsenic tend
to seek the surface of the silicon, rising as the layer is deposited.
When a second undoped or p-doped silicon layer is deposited on n-doped
silicon with no n-type dopant provided, a first thickness of this second
silicon layer nonetheless tends to include unwanted n-type dopant which
has diffused up from lower levels. This surface-seeking behavior
diminishes when germanium is alloyed with the silicon. In some devices,
it may not be advantageous for the second layer to have significant
germanium content. In the present invention, a first heavily n-doped
semiconductor layer (preferably at least 10 at % germanium) is deposited,
followed by a silicon-germanium capping layer with little or no n-type
dopant, followed by a layer with little or no n-type dopant and less than
10 at % germanium. The germanium in the first layer and the capping layer
minimizes diffusion of n-type dopant into the germanium-poor layer above.