A substrate holding system for holding a substrate based on vacuum attraction and electrostatic attraction including a rim configured to support the substrate, a protrusion for the electrostatic attraction, configured to support the substrate inside the rim, and a protrusion for the vacuum attraction, configured to support the substrate inside the rim. A substrate supporting surface area of the protrusion of the electrostatic attraction is larger than a substrate supporting surface area of the protrusion for the vacuum attraction.