There are provided a policy-based extensible markup language (XML) document print management method and system, using a policy object defining a print layout and an access authority to output data, on the basis of the information of a user requesting to print the XML document. The policy-based XML document print management method includes (a) requesting a policy object defining a printing layout and an access authority to output data to a policy management server, on the basis of information of a user requesting to print the XML document, in a policy agent; (b) receiving the policy object from the policy management server, interpreting the policy object, and obtaining policy information, in the policy agent; and (c) printing the XML document using the policy information, in the policy agent. Therefore, it is possible to determine a printing layout of an XML document and print the XML document, according to policy information. Also, by determining whether a user requesting to print the XML document has an access authority to the XML document on the basis of the policy information, it is possible to allow the printing job only to the user having the access authority.