One embodiment of the present invention includes a three dimensional
memory array having a plurality of memory elements coupled to form the
array through a single top lead and a single bottom lead, each memory
element including a magnetic free layer in which non-volatile data can be
stored, wherein each memory element possesses unique resonant frequencies
associated with each digital memory state, thereby enabling frequency
addressing during parallel write and read operations, each memory element
further including a fixed layer and a spacer formed between the free
layer and the fixed layer.