The assemblies of the invention can comprise a fine fiber layer having
dispersed within the fine fiber layer an active particulate material.
Fluid that flows through the assemblies of the invention can have any
material dispersed or dissolved in the fluid react with, be absorbed by,
or adsorbed onto, the active particulate within the nanofiber layer. The
structures of the invention can act simply as reactive, absorptive, or
adsorptive layers with no filtration properties, or the structures of the
invention can be assembled into filters that can filter particulate from
a mobile fluid while simultaneously reacting, absorbing, or adsorbing
materials from the mobile fluid.