A thruster for exo-atmospheric vehicles with electro-thermal thrust
augmentation and having internally embedded heating elements for direct
contact heating of gaseous products released by a propellant,
particularly hydrazine, so as to increase the Specific Impulse (Isp) of
the thruster. The electrical heating elements are resistant to hydrazine
products. The thruster is configured as a closed sealed chamber divided
into a decomposition section upstream and a heating section downstream.
At least one heating element is disposed in the heating section, directly
in a mixture catalyst forming a porous bed, or within a concentric
ceramic tube operative as a heat exchanger, to heat the gaseous products
by direct contact. The heater indirectly heats the catalyst in the
decomposition section and directly heats the heating section. The
thruster is operable both in space and at sea-level gravity and
barometric pressure.