The present invention aims to provide a composition for protecting a muscle damage having high safety and a stronger muscle damage-protecting effect. The present invention provides a composition for protecting a muscle damage comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract with a lipid-soluble organic solvent of an acetic acid bacterium or preferably an extract with ethyl acetate of an acetic acid bacterium, alkali-stable lipid of an acetic acid bacterium, N-acylsphinganine, sphinganine, amino lipids, or terpenoid compounds. Further, the present invention provides a composition for protecting a muscle damage comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract with a lipid-soluble organic solvent of a vinegar or preferably an extract with ethyl acetate of a vinegar.