A hydraulic cement based on calcium phosphate for surgical use comprising A) a first component comprising powder particles of calcium phosphate; and B) a second component comprising water. The calcium phosphate comprises anhydrous, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and the ACP is obtained by milling a calcium phosphate synthesized above 500.degree. C. The cement according to the invention has the advantage of being very fast setting compared to prior art calcium phosphate cements. The setting reaction is finished much faster although the initial part of the reaction proceeds at the same speed as with known cements.