An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer formed thereon in this order, wherein the surface layer contains a Group 13 element and at least one of nitrogen or oxygen.

 
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< Fixing apparatus and image forming apparatus having the same

> Imaging apparatus and improved toner therefor

> Optical scanner configured so a principal ray of an incident beam from a light source to a deflector and a principal ray of a scanning beam from the deflector to a scanned surface travel on opposite sides of an optical axis of optical element(s) having transmissive surfaces both concave toward the deflector in sub-scanning section, and image forming apparatus using the same
~ 00589