The maximum luminous efficiency of organic light-emitting materials is
increased through spin-dependent processing. The technique is applicable
to all electro-luminescent processes in which light is produced by
singlet exciton decay, and all devices which use such effects, including
LEDs, super-radiant devices, amplified stimulated emission devices,
lasers, other optical microcavity devices, electrically pumped optical
amplifiers, and phosphorescence (Ph) based light emitting devices. In
preferred embodiments, the emissive material is doped with an impurity,
or otherwise modified, to increase the spin-lattice relaxation rate
(i.e., decrease the spin-lattice time), and hence raise the efficiency of
the device. The material may be a polymer, oligomer, small molecule,
single crystal, molecular crystal, or fullerene. The impurity is
preferably a magnetic or paramagnetic substance. The invention is
applicable to IR, UV, and other electromagnetic radiation generation and
is thus not limited to the visible region of the spectrum. The methods of
the invention may also be combined with other techniques used to improve
device performance.