The present invention relates to polypeptides capable of raising a specific T-cell response, wherein the polypeptide comprises a peptide consisting of at least 9 consecutive amino acid residues of ML-IAP, as well as to the use of such polypeptides as medicaments. The invention furthermore relates to use of such polypeptides for treatment of a clinical condition, such as cancer. The invention also relates to methods of selecting a peptide comprising a peptide fragment of ML-IAP for use in a vaccine compositions as well as to vaccine compositions comprising isolated ML-IAP (SEQ ID NO:1) and/or one or more polypeptide fragments thereof.