A method for manufacturing the powder: component for a cement for medical use includes a liquid component containing a polymerizable substance and a powder component containing a plastic substance and an X-ray contrast medium. The liquid component and the powder component are mixed for providing a setting mass which is set to form the cement. In order to prevent the formed cement from releasing particles wearing on articulating or bearing surfaces adjacent ;the point of cementation, a water soluble, non-ionic X-ray contrast medium is mixed with the plastic substance, and for minimizing the risk of damaging the powder component during the sterilization, sterilizing by radiation of the powder component containing the X-ray contrast medium is carried through a negative pressure or in an inert gas atmosphere.