The present invention includes methods, devices, and compositions having
improved piezoelectric characteristics with high energy density.
Compositions of the present invention are ceramic materials of the
formula: Pb[(Zr.sub.0.52Ti.sub.0.48)O.sub.3].sub.1-x[(Zn.sub.1/3Nb.sub.2/-
3)O.sub.3].sub.x+Mn, where x is 0.05 to 0.20 and Mn is manganese in a form
that is present from about 0.1 to 1.5 wt %. Suitable manganese forms as
the starting material include MnCO.sub.3, MnO.sub.2, MnO, and
Mn.sub.3O.sub.4. The compositions exhibit a high product of piezoelectric
voltage constant and piezoelectric stress constant. The compositions are
polycrystalline or textured with a dense microstructure and small grain.
The piezoelectric voltage constant and piezoelectric stress constant
obtained from such compositions are superior to those of conventional
hard or soft ceramics and yield a magnitude product of the piezoelectric
voltage constant and piezoelectric stress constant that is significantly
higher than those reported in the literature or in available with
commercial or conventional ceramic compositions.