In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods that
involve the combination of step-and-flash imprint lithography (SFIL) with
a multi-tier template to simultaneously pattern multiple levels of, for
example, an integrated circuit device. In such embodiments, the imprinted
material generally does not serve or act as a simple etch mask or
photoresist, but rather serves as the insulation between levels and
lines, i.e., as a functional dielectric material. After imprinting and a
multiple step curing process, the imprinted pattern is filled with metal,
as in dual damascene processing. Typically, the two printed levels will
comprise a "via level," which is used to make electrical contact with the
previously patterned under-level, and a "wiring level." The present
invention provides for the direct patterning of functional materials,
which represents a significant departure from the traditional approach to
microelectronics manufacturing.