A filter cartridge comprising a first attachment member (25) and suitable for attachment to a predetermined holder (2) that includes a second attachment member (26) engageable with the first attachment member (25). The cartridge comprises foolproofing means (31) engageable with second foolproofing means (32) connected to the predetermined holder (2) when the cartridge is mounted on the holder. A system for mounting said cartridge on the predetermined holder is also disclosed.