Optical systems for sensing chemicals. An example system includes a light source, a light sensor, a processing device in signal communication with the light source and the light sensor, and a fiber optic cable that receives light from the light source and delivers light to the light sensor. The fiber optic cable includes a cladding material that is permeable to a predefined substance and an optical fiber core surrounded by the cladding material. The optical fiber core is a single mode optical fiber having a diameter greater than 30 .mu.m. The optical fiber core includes a hollow center having a diameter between 1-50 .mu.m. The optical fiber core includes a plurality of lengthwise holes positioned to provide single mode light propagation properties. The plurality of lengthwise holes have a diameter between 0.2-4 .mu.m.

 
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