Apparatuses and systems for emulating electrical characteristics of a
material having a known dielectric constant are disclosed for
standardizing and calibrating of electromagnetic devices. The emulator
apparatus can include an electrically non-conductive layer having a
dielectric constant less than the material dielectric constant and an
electrically conductive layer adjacent the non-conductive layer.
Artificial dielectrics for emulating the dielectric constant of a
material are also disclosed including a substrate matrix having a
dielectric constant less than the material dielectric constant and an
additive combined with the substrate, the additive having a dielectric
constant higher than the material dielectric constant.