Disclosed herein are a cosmetic composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one crosslinked copolymer comprising at least one methacrylic acid unit and at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl acrylate unit, at least one polymer chosen from cationic and amphoteric polymers and at least one water-insoluble solid mineral particle chosen from clays, particles comprising alumina, particles comprising at least 10% by weight of calcium carbonate, and selenium sulphide, and the use of the composition for washing and/or conditioning keratin materials, such as hair or skin.