The encoder transforms the audio signals (x(n),y(n)) from the time domain to audio signal (X(k),Y(k)) in the frequency domain, and determines the cross-correlation function (Ri, Pi) in the frequency domain. A complex coherence value (Qi) is calculated by summing the (complex) cross-correlation function values (Ri, Pi) in the frequency domain. The inter-channel phase difference (IPDi) is estimated by the argument of the complex coherence value (Qi), and the inter-channel coherence (ICi) is estimated by the absolute value of the complex coherence value (Qi).