A magnetoresistive element has a first magnetic layer and a second
magnetic layer separate from each other, the first magnetic layer and the
second magnetic layer each having a magnetization whose direction is
substantially pinned, and a non-magnetic conductive layer formed in
contact with the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer and
electrically connecting the first and second magnetic layers, the
non-magnetic conductive layer forming a path of spin-polarized electrons
from one of the magnetic layer to the other magnetic layer, the
non-magnetic conductive layer comprising a portion located between the
first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer, the portion being a
sensing area.