The invention relates to a composition in the form of an emulsion that can be expanded by an aerosol dispenser, characterised in that it comprises from 15 to 20 volume % of alcohol, from 1 to 10 volume % of C.sub.3-C.sub.8 polyolen, a thickening agent, at least one non-ionic surfactant, a wetting agent, and one or more active ingredients dissolved or in suspension; the invention also relates to the medical and cosmetic applications thereof.