Compositions and methods for treating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are disclosed herein. Inhibitors of SARS-associated inflammatory cytokines are provided herein for use in treating SARS, including SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Inhibitors of TNF are disclosed herein, as is the use of said inhibitors for treating SARS, including SARS-CoV. Methods of identifying and screening for said inhibitors are also provided.