Systems for highly efficient, in-vivo collection of modulated infra-red
light are presented. Specifically, these devices are arranged in an
important format with a view to integration with a wristwatch or other
wearable device. An optical aperture of large surface area, specially
distributed in an annular ring, receives radiation having been modulated
in a tissue test site by blood flow. Radiation received about the annular
aperture is redirected by a blazed grating or similar optical element at
near perpendicular angles, into a radially distributed, condensing light
pipe array and further toward a common axis. Radiation converges on the
axis, thus increasing the energy density of the collected signal, before
it is further directed via a conic element to a detector such as a
photodiode. In some versions, these highly specialized optical paths may
be formed into a single element of inexpensive plastic or other rigid
substrate.