One embodiment of the present invention includes a memory element having a
composite free layer including a first free sub-layer formed on top of
the bottom electrode, a nano-current-channel (NCC) layer formed on top of
the first free sub-layer, and a second free sub-layer formed on top of
the NCC layer, wherein when switching current is applied to the memory
element, in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the layers
of the memory element, local magnetic moments of the NCC layer switch the
state of the memory element.