Hair treatment compositions comprise: at least one polymer comprising at least two hydrogen-bonding moieties, which may be the same or different, covalently bonded to each other by at least one polymeric, oligomeric or monomeric linker, each moiety having at least 3 groups capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the same moiety or a different moiety; and from 0.1 to 50% by weight of the total composition of a hair conditioning agent and/or a cosmetically acceptable surfactant.