A testing method includes: storing QC data for each of electronic device
manufacturing processes in a storage unit; changing the QC data for each
of the processes to a common fixed form of data; providing a contour for
the QC data for each of the processes using the common fixed form of
data; comparing a singularity map to a failure generation map for a
completed device; and finding a causal process for a failure and a defect
through the comparison.