A plug-in hybrid propulsion system includes a fast energy storage device
that preserves battery life, where the energy storage elements of the
hybrid drive train may be charged with externally supplied electricity as
well as energy from the engine or regenerative braking. Electronic
switches, passive electronics, an enclosure, controller circuitry, and/or
control algorithms are used to manage the flow of power between a fuel
powered engine, a battery, a fast energy storage system, traction motors;
a charger, ancillary systems, an electrical distribution system, and/or a
drive train.