A sensor apparatus comprising a nanotube or nanowire, a lipid bilayer
around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the
lipid bilayer. Also a biosensor apparatus comprising a gate electrode; a
source electrode; a drain electrode; a nanotube or nanowire operatively
connected to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain
electrode; a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing
element connected to the lipid bilayer.