Systems, methods, and computer-readable media supporting thread abstraction in Java are provided. In some illustrative embodiments, a system is provided that includes a Java execution flow class that represents an execution flow context, an execution flow scheduler object including a Java native execution flow activation method, a Java virtual machine, a Java scheduler that executes on the Java virtual machine, and a Java thread class that extends the execution flow class. The execution flow class includes an execution flow execution method and a constructor that creates an execution flow context. The Java thread class includes an execution flow execution method that overrides the execution flow execution method of the execution flow class. In this system, a thread object including one or more instructions of a thread is instantiated using a custom thread class that extends the Java thread class, the constructor creates an execution flow context for the thread, and the Java scheduler invokes the execution flow activation method to switch from a currently executing execution flow context to the thread execution flow context to execute the one or more instructions.