Techniques are described for delivering inotropic electrical therapy to
myocardial tissue using an implantable cardiac stimulation device such as
a pacemaker. In one example, electrical stimulation is applied by a
pacemaker to the heart of a patient while taking into account dynamic
trans-cardiac impedance waveforms measured within the patient. In another
example, a series of subthreshold inotropic stimulation pulses are
delivered just prior to delivery of a suprathreshold depolarizing pulse
that triggers systole. Additional subthreshold inotropic stimulation
pulses can also be delivered following the suprathreshold pulse.
Preferably, the magnitudes of the inotropic pulses are incrementally
increased prior to systole then decremented thereafter, thereby gradually
recruiting myocardium that has differing thresholds for depolarization.
Both techniques seek to improve myocardial contractility of diseased
tissue by improving calcium flux. Both techniques may additionally
exploit the use of "multidimensional forced fusion", described herein.