A semiconductor and manufacturing method is provided for device
interconnects with a catalytic layer of copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt,
silver, or other catalytic material deposited in a atomic layer by atomic
layer epitaxy on a barrier layer of tantalum, titanium, tungsten, their
nitrides, or a compound thereof between the barrier layer and an
electroless seed layer on which conductive channel and via material is
deposited.