A method for testing the reliability of a quantum key distribution apparatus is provided. The method includes the steps of: producing a set of quanta by the sender, the set of quanta comprising first, second, and third quantum, the first, second, and third quantum having a quantum correlation; measuring the first and second quantum at a sender using one of two prearranged bases; transmitting the third quantum to the receiver over the quantum channel; measuring the third quantum at a receiver using one of the two prearranged bases; and exchanging information regarding the measured bases between the sender and receiver over a public channel to check for a known behavior of the quantum apparatus based upon the quantum correlation, wherein if the quantum apparatus behaves as is known or within a tolerable limit the reliability of the quantum apparatus is confirmed. A similar method for quantum key distribution is also disclosed.