Radiation detectors are disclosed that include at least one element
(pixel). In a pixel, a desired positional relationship between two
"effecting" elements is maintained regardless of changes in temperature or
other prevailing variable. The detectors can be "electrical capacitance"
or "optical-readout" types. A pixel of the electrical capacitance type
includes two electrodes (reference electrode and response electrode) that
face each other and have a set gap therebetween. The electrodes are
attached to respective displaceable members (configured as thermal
bimorphs) having identical structures. A pixel of the optical readout type
includes a half-mirror and a reflector that face each other and have a set
gap therebetween. The half-mirror and reflector are attached to respective
displaceable members. Radiation is absorbed by a radiation absorber that
transfers the heat to certain displaceable members that bend to tilt
accordingly. Other displaceable members are not heated and do not bend.
The displaceable members are formable simultaneously during respective
fabrication steps.
