A method for treating liquid includes directing a pressurized stream of the liquid
into a cyclone apparatus having an inlet closed to the atmosphere and a submerged
outlet. A liquid vortex is formed along an inner surface of the cyclone apparatus,
and a central portion defined by an inner surface of the liquid vortex is substantially
evacuated of gases to create a near vacuum condition. Treatment gas may be selectively
added to the liquid vortex through the evacuated central portion. Photon energy
may be directed through the evacuated central portion and into contact with the
treatment gas, or the liquid vortex. Pressure levels within the evacuated central
portion are measured using a pressure sensor or gauge. Upon exiting the cyclone
apparatus, the liquid is subjected to collision and cavitation forces.
