A technique employing volume conductive electrodes for the generation of linear
or non-linear electric fields is provided for devices used in charged ion optics.
A hollow cylinder of a conductive polymer, which is loaded with conductive carbon
particles or inherently conductive, and which is used to improve the performance
of a dual stage gridless reflectron. Instrumental resolution measurements comparing
a conventional discrete ring reflectron with a hybrid polymeric/discrete ring validate
the design.
