An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with improved transmission efficiency includes
an input PM star coupler, an output MQ star coupler, and M waveguides
of unequal length connecting the input and output star couplers. A novel method
used to determine the optimum position of the ports ensures that the maximum frequency
deviation between the signal frequency and the center of the corresponding transmission
passband is minimal for all possible connections among input and output ports.