A high-speed fluidic device has a friction roller type speed-increasing mechanism, an electric motor, and a high-speed fluidic machine, wherein: the friction roller type speed-increasing mechanism includes a housing, a low-speed side member having an outer ring provided at one end portion thereof, a high-speed side shaft rotatably supported by the housing so as to be eccentric to the low-speed side member and the outer ring, at least one guide roller rotatably supported between the outer ring and the high-speed side shaft, and at least one movable roller rotatably supported between the outer ring and the high-speed side shaft; the electric motor drives the friction roller type speed-increasing mechanism; and the high-speed fluidic machine is connected to the high-speed side shaft so as to be driven by the high-speed side shaft.