Embodiments of organic-polymer-based memory elements that are stable
to repeated READ access operations are disclosed. Organic-polymer-based memory
elements can suffer cumulative degradation that occurs over repeated READ access
operations due to the introduction of electrons into the organic-polymer layer.
In general, entry of electrons into the organic-polymer layer generally lags initiation
of a hole current within the organic-polymer layer following application of a voltage
potential across the memory elements. Therefore, stable memory elements can be
fabricated by introducing electron-blocking layers and/or limiting the duration
of applied voltages during READ access operations.