The present invention relates to the use of enamel matrix, enamel matrix derivatives and/or enamel matrix proteins as therapeutic and/or cosmetic agents. These substances are used for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic composition for actively inducing, guiding and/or stimulating connective tissue growth and thus to prevent connective tissue scarring and/or contraction in a wound cavity and/or tissue defect that is characterized by a substantial loss of tissue. The invention comprises, in particular, the use of active enamel substances for guided connective soft tissue growth and resistance to contraction in deep cavity shaped wounds following loss or removal of significant volumes of tissue, such as e.g., after surgical removal of a tumor and especially in combination with radiation therapy.