A novel soybean cultivar, designated 0491712, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 0491712, to the plants of soybean 0491712 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 0491712 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 0491712 with another soybean cultivar.