A bias-adjusted giant magnetoresistive (GMR) device includes a
ferromagnetic reference layer, which has a magnetization that remains
relatively fixed when a range of magnetic fields is applied, and a
ferromagnetic switching layer, which has a magnetization that can be
changed by applying a relatively small magnetic field. In MRAM
applications, the switching layer stores data in the form of the
particular orientation of its magnetization relative to the magnetization
of the reference layer. At least one of the reference and switching
layers is split into at least two ferromagnetic layers separated by one
or more layers of a nonmagnetic conductor, such that the hysteresis curve
of resistance versus applied magnetic field is substantially symmetric
about zero applied magnetic field.