By connecting the Bradbury-Nielson gate (BNG) directly to a driver without
a transmission line, distortion of the voltage waveform experienced a the
BNG are much reduced. Because the magnitude of the modulation defects
grows as the applied modulation voltage is increased, Bradbury-Nielson
gates with finer wire spacing such as 100 microns, and operating at 10 to
15 V, significantly better signal-to-noise ratios are achieved. HT-TOFMS
data were also post processed using an exact knowledge of the modulation
defects.