The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for adaptive compensation of chrominance, aiming at the optimization of colors of electronic images. The invention includes the experimental data obtained when the best viewing effects are achieved, the division of color-gamut cells according to visual characteristics, the preset compensation characteristics that have different amplifications for different color-gamut cells, the real-time recognition of color-gamut cells that the signals belong to, and appropriate compensation that is done according to the color-gamut cells. The characteristic of the compensation is that each pixel gets its own amplification dynamically, which makes the dominant wavelength, chroma and relative brightness of all the image colors meet the requirement of best self-adaptive color reproduction automatically. As a result, colorful images with high qualities can be acquired. The present invention eliminates the local inferior chrominance distortion that inevitable for existing products and improves the equipment's adaptability to the receiving environments.